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Rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) is one of the most common orthopedic problems in dogs. The condition mostly affects medium, large and giant breed dogs and especially active, overweight dogs. However, more often than direct trauma, the cause of cranial cruciate ligament rupture is its progressive degeneration as a result of chronic loading with coexisting anatomical, autoimmune, hormonal factors, [...]

Luxation of the patella is one of the most common orthopedic diseases, occurring in dogs of both large and small breeds. In veterinary medicine, there are 4 grades of patellar luxation: - Grade I - where the patella can be luxated during examination, and after pressure is released, it returns to its normal anatomical position, - Grade II - the patella luxates spontaneously when the stifle is flexed or whe [...]

Canine Unicompartmental Elbow arthroplasty in the treatment of elbow dysplasia. The progressive process of elbow joint degeneration in dysplasia begins at the medial aspect of the joint. Osteoarthritis with advanced articular disease in the course of elbow dysplasia generates atrophy of the cartilage of the medial compartment of the joint. Mutual conflict of articular surfaces leads to their destruction and [...]

Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) is a platelet concentrate prepared from the patient's blood in a small amount of plasma. This preparation contains various cytokines, or so-called growth factors - PDGF, TGF, VEGF, EGF - and proteins responsible for cell adhesion - fibronectin, fibrin and vitronectin. Concentrated growth factors contained in the preparation have properties that stimulate tissue repair processes [...]

- cauda equina syndrome - Using the IRAP I and IRAP II procedure The so-called cauda equina syndrome describes a condition that has its origin in neurological dysfunction of the terminal segment of the spinal cord. It is the result of a number of pathological processes and manifests with varied symptoms. The pain is caused by compression of the lumbosacral spinal cord. Initially, it causes abnormal movement [...]

TPLO (tibia plateau leveling osteotomy) is one of many corrective methods for treating a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament in the stifle joint. All animals, regardless of age and sex, are susceptible to ligament damage, and the main symptom is lameness, a positive drawer sign and compression test which indicate instability of the femoral-tibial joint. This method, by changing the angle of the articular surface [...]